Single-metasurface retroreflectors well release the issue of stringent alignment 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and even enables adaptability via mechanically altering the geometry of reconfigurable C-shaped resonators 13, switchable metagrating 14, and double C-shaped meta-atoms 16. Although retroreflections can be engineered at various incidences, the slight misalignment of dual plates will significantly undermine the efficiency and even dissolve the retroreflection, as shown in Fig. Recently, there are growing trends to explore the metasurface, a planar structure consisting of artificially engineered subwavelength meta-atoms, for flat and compact electromagnetic devices to offer complete control the amplitude, phase, and polarization (APP) of EM wave or light 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Employing metasurfaces for retroreflectors has been an intriguing topic most recently 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 In the seminal work 10, dual metasurfaces are utilized, the first of which performs a spatial Fourier transform and its inverse while the other imparts a spatially varying momentum to the Fourier transform. This however renders the bulk size, large weight and nonplanar configuration, hindering the real-world applications where the integration, miniaturization, and compatibility of existing wave systems are favored. Over the decades, the corner reflector and Luneburg lens have been reported 1, 2, 3 via assembling different optical materials or elements for retroreflections. Such peculiar reflective behaviors of waves carrying the information and energy are important for applications including laser tracking, target labeling, navigation safety, radar cross-section/visibility enhancement, remote sensing, satellite communication and others. Retroreflector supports the reflection of electromagnetic (EM) wave back to where it comes from even at oblique incidence. Our strategy opens a new avenue for angle multiplexing and angle-resolved metadevices toward the capacity limit of 2D planar Jones’ matrix. The concept has been experimentally verified by a proof-of-concept super-reflector at microwave frequency, showcasing twelve reflected beams and a high efficiency exceeding 90.6% defined as the ratio of reflected power to incidence for each channel beam. Our compound multiplexed super-reflector allows five degrees of freedom in circular polarization Jones' matrix, approaching the intrinsic upper limit of such planar metasurface. By multiplexing four channels connecting two spin states excited onto each input of three spatial frequencies, a total of twelve channels are engineered, among which three are retroreflected channels and the residual are anomalous reflection ones. Here, we propose a spin-momentum multiplexed paradigm called a super-reflector enabling on-demand control of both retroreflections and anomalous reflections using a non-interleaved single-celled metasurface. It is yet extremely challenging based on passive and compact wave elements, since the wave excitation and scattering channels are exclusively coupled through gradient phases and hence momentum matching condition at the interface. \): The time-dependent intensity of scattered light for (top) large particles and for (bottom) small particles.Electromagnetic wave multiplexing, especially for that occurring at different incidences (spatial-frequency multiplexing), is pivotal for ultrathin multifunctional interfaces and high-capacity information processing and communication.
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The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The standard covers multimedia files that can also include other media streams, such as timed text, audio and video. High Efficiency Image File Format is a container format for storing individual digital images and image sequences. What is difference between HEIC and JPG format? HEIC Format For more information, please refer to our here. No, any information you upload to our site or servers is read and injected into the page you requested, then destroyed after your session has ended. You can read more about it here.ĭoes store my HEIC or converted JPG images on the server? Why can't I download all JPG images when the conversion process is finished?Īll images files that you upload and process are deleted after your session has ended. Should I keep using the HEIC format (without converting to JPG)?Ībsolutely, if you're using MacOS and iOS, they natively support viewing and editing HEIC format. No worries, you can use this tool to directly convert them to the JPG or PDF format without installing any additional software.
Having a “kudos” feed where all the kudos in the ecosystem are displayed on a large screen display.Publicly displaying all the kudos for a group of teams during an all-hands.Using a pay-it-forward system, where a person who receives a kudos has to send kudos to the next person, etc.Creating time for regular kudos delivery, like during a Sprint Review (see "Fun Reviews" photo above!).Having a physical kudos box for each team, it’s like having a Valentine’s Day box for the team (this is a tradition in the USA).Setting up a system where kudos are sent in bulk, so teams or people receive kudos in packages.Inviting teams to send kudos to teammates as desired. It’s definitely one of my go-to practices as an agile coach trying to help create and nurture awesome corporate cultures.īack in the day, when Vic Bonacci Kickstarted his “ Agile Coaching Cards”, I pledged to create a personalized card. There are so many awesome outcomes when you help build a culture of appreciation. Maybe they are too busy to appreciate other people? Perhaps they’re afraid of looking like they’re touchy-feely? Or gratitude is taken for granted? Whatever the case, I like to use kudos in places where I want to foster appreciation. It’s not like they’re opposed to it, it just isn’t a thing. In so many orgs I go to, appreciation is kinda like an after-thought. Isn’t that a good thing? Why did you decide to use this practice But in my mind, I’m thinking “Wouldn’t it be awesome if I worked in a place where we had a culture of appreciation?” On the surface, yeah, you can think of it as an HR-rewards-type-thing. When you appreciate people, you want your kudos to be in the intrinsic zone.Īnd then there are some general principles you wanna abide by, check out the image above. Intrinsic motivation means we're tapping into those kinds of feelings. He then talks about purpose, something that's greater than the self, monetary reward, or promotion. They take pride in what they do and how they do it. He also talks about mastery, where people want to learn and to practice their craft, and become masters at it. They need to feel like they have a say in their own destiny and their own fate. So how do you thank people? Well, in his book, Drive , Dan Pink (2009) talks about intrinsic motivation and states that for people to feel motivated to do something, they need to have autonomy. So there you go, people like being thanked and thanking others and being thankful because it makes us happy. People appreciate being appreciated and appreciating others! Martin Seligman, the pioneer of positive psychology, explains how grateful people are happier, in this interview with Larry King, Martin Seligman: Grateful people are happier (King, 2018, June 15). So this article is gonna be a mashup of all my years using kudos, and some thoughts. It’s always fascinating to see the myriad ways that people try to address this practice. And a lot of time the orgs I am consulting in, already have kudos in place. I remember sending out some nice chunks of cheddar, I’m talking about multi-thousands.Īnd I have introduced kudos in a bunch of organizations. They had a similar thing, except you attached a dollar figure to the card and the recipient got an American Express gift card along with the kudos. I actually used it! I vaguely remember it was like sending a letter to Santa Claus – you had no idea what happened to the letter after you mailed it.įast forward to the early 10’s and I was at Deloitte. I remember being at Microsoft in the late 90’s and we had an internal website to send kudos to people. Now that we have that out of the way, we can chat about my experiences with kudos. Luckily, in this particular case Cryptex lets you create as many archives as you please, so you can freely experiment. In most cases, a thorough analysis of such code would provide most of the answers. In such cases, you would usually need to spend significant amounts of time studying the code that reads your file format. This would greatly increase the complexity of the reversing process, because it would limit our options. For example, with some file formats you might only have access to code that reads from the file, but not to the code that generates files using that format. This approach is very helpful, but it is not always going to be feasible. In the case of Cryptex, this boils down to creating one or more small archives that contain a single file with easily recognizable contents. How does one begin to reverse a file format? In most cases, the answer is to create simple, tiny files that contain known, easy-to-spot values. Finally, it is important to keep in mind that the data reverse-engi- neering journey we’re about to embark on is not specifically tied to file formats the process could be easily applied to networking protocols. crx Cryptex file format was published, the only way to accomplish this would be by reversing the file format. For instance, consider the (very likely) possibility that Cryptex became popular to the point where other software vendors would be interested in adding Cryptex-compatibility to their programs. Perhaps (and this is more common than you would think) the program incorrectly uses a strong, industry-standard encryption algorithm in a way that compromises the security of the encrypted files.įile formats are also frequently reversed for compatibility and interoperability purposes. Should they rely on the author’s guarantees regarding the product’s security level? Perhaps the author has installed some kind of a back door that would allow him or her to easily decrypt any file created by the program? Perhaps the program is poorly written and employs some kind of a home-made, trivial encryption algorithm. Let’s say that an organization wants to use such a product for archiving and transmitting critical information. First of all, it is the only way to evaluate the level of security offered by the product. There are several reasons that could justify deciphering the file format of a program such as Cryptex. It is also possible to add multiple files with one command using wildcards such as *.doc. Files are encrypted using a user-supplied password, and the program supports deleting files from the archive and extracting files from it. Listing the contents of an archive: “Cryptex l MyArchive s8Uj~” Deleting a file from an archive: “Cryptex d MyArchive s8Uj~ myfile.doc”Ĭryptex is quite straightforward to use, with only four supported commands. It cannot be changed afterwards and must be specified whenever that particular archive is accessed.Įncrypting a file: “Cryptex a MyArchive s8Uj~ c:\mydox\myfile.doc” Encrypting multiple files: “Cryptex a MyArchive s8Uj~ c:\mydox\*.doc” Decrypting a file: “Cryptex x MyArchive s8Uj~ file.doc” An archive’s password is established while it For maximum security it is recommended that the password be made as long as possible and that it be made up of a random sequence of many different characters, digits, and symbols. Password is an unlimited-length string that can contain any combination of letters, numbers, and symbols. : Lists all files in the specified archive. Listing 6.1 shows the Cryptex welcome and help screen. Cryptex displays a welcome screen that also includes its “user’s manual”-a quick reference for the supported commands and how they can be used. The best way to start is by simply running Cryptex.exe without any com- mand-line options. In order to properly launch Cryptex, you’ll need to open a Command Prompt window and run Cryptex.exe within it. In a commercial product, you would be reading the user manual at this point.Ĭryptex is a console-mode application, which means that it doesn’t have any GUI-it is operated using command-line options, and it provides feedback through a console window. In general, it is important to develop a good understanding of a program and its user interface before attempting to reverse it. Before actually starting to reverse Cryptex, let’s play with it a little bit so you can learn how it works. Take advantage of top deals found here on Express Discounts and use the FreePrints voucher codes and discounts when you make an order to save money. The FreePrints community is growing at a fast rate and they'd love you to join the family. FreePrints was founded to give you an easy way to get your photos printed at an affordable price. 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